考题
For centuries,philosophers and theologians have almost unanimously held that civilization as we know it depends on a widespread beliefin free will-and that losing this beliefcould be calamitous.Our codes of ethics,for example,assume that we can freely choose between right and wrong.In the Christian tradition,this is known as"moral liberty"-the capacity to discern and pursue the good,instead of merely being compelled by appetites and desires.The great Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant reaffirmed this link between freedom and goodness.Ifwe are not free to choose,he argued,then it would make no sense to say we ought to choose the path of righteousness.The sciences have grown steadily bolder in their claim that all human behavior can be explained through the clockwork laws of cause and effect.This shift in perception is the continuation of an intellectual revolution that began about 150 years ago,when Charles Darwin first published On the Origin of Species.Shortly after Darwin put forth his theory of evolution,his cousin Sir Francis Gakon began to draw out the implications:If we have evolved,then mental faculties like intelligence must be hereditary.But we use those faculties-which some people have to a greater degree than others-to make decisions.So our ability to choose our fate is not free,but depends on our biological inheritance.Many scientists say that the American physiologist Benjamin Libet demonstrated in the 1980s that we have no free will.It was already known that electrical activity builds up in a person's brain before she,for example,moves her hand;Libet showed that this buildup occurs before the person consciously makes a decision to move.The conscious experience of deciding to act,which we usually associate with free will,appears to be an add-on,a post hoc reconstruction of events that occurs after the brain has already set the act in motion.In 2002,two psychologists had a simple but brilliant idea:Instead of speculating about what might happen if people lost belief in their capacity to choose,they could run an experiment to find out.Kathleen Vohs,then at the University of Utah,and Jonathan Schooler,of the University of Pittsburgh,asked one group of participants to read a passage arguing that free will was an illusion,and another group to read a passage that was neutral on the topic.Then they subjected the members ofeach group to a variety of temptations and observed their behavior.Would differences in abstract philosophical beliefs influence people's decisions?Yes,indeed.When asked to take a math test,with cheating made easy,the group primed to see free will as illusory proved more likely to take an illicit peek at the answers.When given an opportunity to steal-to take more money than they were due from an envelope of$1 coins-those whose beliefin free will had been undermined pilfered more.On a range of measures,Vohs told me,she and Schooler found that"people who are induced to believe less in free will are more likely to behave immorally."Another pioneer of research into the psychology of free will,Roy Baumeister of Florida State University,has extended these findings.For example,he and colleagues found that students with a weaker belief in free will were less likely to volunteer their time to help a classmate than were those whose belief in free will was stronger.Likewise,those primed to hold a deterministic view by reading statements like"Science has demoiistrated that free will is an illusion"were less likely to give money to a homeless person or lend someone a cellphone.Immanuel Kant?A.concluded that the illusion of free will can stimulate the development of society
B.demonstrated that extra meaning of freedom was attached to some actions
C.reassured the status of freedom as the foundation of justice.
D.further improved that humans with less sense of free will were less likely to help others.
E.believed our ability to be free was derived from ancestors.
F.recognized many crimes were controlled by brains which were decided by genes
G.found that people who believe less in free will are more likely to be unethical答案:C解析:根据Immanuel Kant定位到第一段。Immanuel Kant的观点是:If we are not free to choose,then it would make no sense to say we ought to choose the path of righteousness(假如我们不能自由地进行选择,那么谈论应该选择正确道路便失去了意义)。其中reassure和该段倒数第二句中的reaffirm意思相似,故C项为正确选项。
考题
单选题Pleases end us the amendment()L/C immediately or we shall not be able to ship your order on time.A
ofB
toC
astoD
with正确答案:D解析:暂无解析
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AAre you looking for something fun and would you like to help others in your spare time? Then join us to be a volunteer! We’re a non-profit (赢利的) organization. We have volunteer jobs of all ages. Anyone, from twelve-year-old children to people in their seventies can become a volunteer.You can help people in many ways. Schools need help with taking care of children while parents are working. Hospitals need volunteers to look after children while their parents are seeing a doctor. Animal lovers can help take care of those dogs and cats without homes. There is something for everyone.“As a volunteer, I don’t want to get anything. Seeing the children’s happy faces, I’m happy, too.” Said Carlos Domingo, an old woman of 62. “I often played computer games in my spare time before. Now I help older people learn how to use computers.” said another volunteer at the age of 18.If everyone helps out a bit, we’ll have a better world to live in. Interested? Call us 1-800-555-5756 or visit our website: www.activol.com.51.When do the volunteers help others?A.In their spare time. B.At weekends C.On weekdays. D.In the evenings.正确答案:A
考题
Dear Sir or MadamThrough the courtesy of the Commercial Counselor of your Embassy in London , we come to know your name and address. Also we are informed that you are a prospective buyer of Chinese Cotton Piece Goods. As this item falls within the scope of our business activities , we shall be pleased to enter into business relations with you.We enclose a brochure and a pricelist to acquaint you with our commodities now available for export. Quotations and samples will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.Your favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours faithfully参考答案:敬启者:承蒙贵国驻佳敦大使馆商务参赞处介绍,我方得知了贵公司的名称和地址。同时,我公司得知贵公司是中国棉布的大经销商。由于该产品属于我公司的经营范围,我公司乐于与贵公词建立资易关系。为使贵公司熟悉我公司目前可供出口的产品,随函附寄目录本及价目表各一份。一收到贵公司的具体询价,我公司将及时报价并航寄样品。如能收到贵公司有利回复将不胜感激。
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Mary:How do you like the idea of having a picnic this Saturday?
John:Wonderful.But?56?
Mary:What about the Blue Mountain?It′s quite cool there.
John:That′s a good idea.Shall we invite Michael and his girlfriend to go with us?
Mary:Sure!It would?57?to have them with us.
John:Good!58?
Mary:You could buy some drinks and sandwiches.And some fruit,too.
John:OK.59?
Mary:How about 8 o′clock in the morning?It takes about two hours to get there.
John:OK.I′ll call Michael and tell him about our plan.We sure will?60.第60题的答案是()A.When shall we set off
B.What is the time
C.have a wonderful time
D.start packing
E.be great fun
F.What could I get
G.What should I take
H.where to答案:A解析:
考题
Passage Four
How can we get rid of garbage?Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?
These are two important questions that many people are asking today.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time,They suggest using garbage as an energy source,and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage.
For a long time,people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land.Now,empty land is scarce.But more and more garbage is produced each year.However,garbage can be a good fuel to use.The things in garbage do not look like coal,petroleum,or natural gas;but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels.As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies,we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.Burning garbage is not a new idea.Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years.The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water.The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby,buildings.In Paris,France,some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year.The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.
Our fossil fuel supplies are limited.Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs.This method could also reduce the amount if garbage piling up on the earth.What is the author's attitude?A.Delighte
B.Sad
C.Agree in
D.Disagree in答案:C解析:暂无解析
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The author suggests that______.A) we shouldn't blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB) a person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC) people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD) when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway正确答案:A答案:A[试题分析]作者态度题。[详细解答]作者叙述的态度很客观,指出Americans often fail to act的原因不是他们没有人性,而是They were in a group.Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.所以,可判断,选项A与之相符,应为正确答案。
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We have booked your order for 12,000 metric tons of Canada Oat as per your fax of September 18 and our E-mail of September 20, and wish to assure you that, upon receipt of the relevant L/C, we shall effect shipment in time.(英译中)参考答案:我们已按照你方9月18日的传真和我方9月20日的E-MAIL,接受了你方12000吨加拿大燕麦的定单,并且向你方保证,一旦收到有关的信用证,我们将及时装运。
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单选题_____ your help we had no trouble finding his house.A
Thanks toB
Thanks forC
ForD
Under正确答案:A解析:句意:多亏了你的帮助,我们毫不费力就找到了他的房子。thanks to意为“多亏了……”或“由于……”,符合句意,因此选A项。thanks for意为“感谢……”,构成的短语使整个句子前后意义不连贯。
考题
Without your help, we would not __________ the work in time.
A.have completed
B.had completed
C.completed
D.completing答案:A解析:考查虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反,主句的谓语要用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。句意为“要不是你的帮助,我们不可能及时完成任务。”故选A。