阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在短文后８１－８５小题中句子空白处填入适当的词语或句子。
We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another place at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of fish, which is called “salmon”（鲑鱼）. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾). Every year, when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where the go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another place, but at other times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.
81. The reason for most of the animals to move is _____________________.
Passage Two
When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Everything else is not so clear. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing, reading and sewing, become near sighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant (远处的) things clearly'.
People who are nearsighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm's length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism (散光). This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts (白内障). Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle (角度). To prove this to yourself, look at an object out of one eye; then look at the same object out
of the other eye. You will find the object's relation to the background (背景) and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes.
40. We should take good care of our eyes ______.
A. only when we cannot see perfectly
B. only when we can see well
C. even if we can see well
D. only when we realize how important our eyes are
40．答案为C 此考题为推理题。根据作者在第1段第2句所表达的，等到我们两眼视力下降了我们才认识到眼睛的重要性，我们就可断定C正确。
Passage Five
In every language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, consist of the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words with which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the goods in trade of all those who speak the language. Such words may be called "popular", since they belong to the whole people; and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.
On the other hand, our language includes a large number of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, but from books that we read, lectures that we bear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in a style. raised above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned". And the distinction between them and "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of the language.
51. One class of words can be learned ______.
A. through everyday life
B. without too much practice
C. from popular songs
D. with a dictionary in one's hand
A.involvement
B.excitement
C.treatment
D.improvement
Researchers cannot ( ) the possibility that Earth may one day run out of its orbit.
A. hand out
B. drop out
C. rule out
D. keep out
2018 考研英语一真题及参考答案本文由凯程陆老师整理SectionI Use of English Directions:Readthe following text. Choosethe best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWERSHEET(.10 points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand, its a necessarycondition1many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your2, in the wrong place often carries a high3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, becauseit feels good.5people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that6pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to7with one another. Scientistshave found that exposure8this hormone puts us in a trusting9: In a Swiss study, researcherssprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their10who inhaled something else.11for us, we also have a sixth sensefor dishonesty that may12us. A Canadianstudy found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate13a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each14to an adult tester holding a plastic container. Thetester would ask, “Whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Eachsubject was then invited to look15. Half of them found a toy; the other half16the container was empty-and realized the tester had17them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were18to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A on B like C for D from2. A faith B concern C attention D interest3. A benefit B debt C hope D price4. A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again5. AUntil B UnlessC Although D When6. A selectsB produces C applies D maintains7. A consult B compete C connect D compare8. A at B by Cof Dto9. A context B mood C period D circle10.A counterparts B substitutes C colleaguesDsupporters 11.A Funny B LuckyC Odd D Ironic12.A monitor B protect C surpriseD delight13.A between B within C toward D over14.A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted 15.A out B back C around D inside16.A discovered B proved C insisted D.remembered 17.A betrayed Bwronged C fooled D mocked18.A forced B willing C hesitant D entitled19.A In contrast B As a result C On the whole D For instance 20.A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitableSectionII ReadingComprehension Part ADirections:Readthe following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET(.40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challengesfacing the middle classis one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismissthat possibility entirely. About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-classoccupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.Thisisnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.Thefirst step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schoolsshould do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionalstrying to acquire new skills will beable to do so without going into debt.Thechallenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fading businessdynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines
The short time schedule may be a big problem, but there are many other things we can do to catch up. (翻译)
A、opposite
B、on the contrary
C、vice versa
D、on the other hand
To round is to delete or(66)one or more of the least significant digits in a positional(67)and to, or not to, adjust the part retained in accordance with some specified rule. The purpose of rounding is usually to limit the (68) of the numeral or to reduce the number of characters in the numeral, or to do both these things.The most common arithmetic forms of rounding are rounding down, rounding up and rounding off. Rounding down is defined as making no adjustment to the part of the numeral that is retained. Rounding up means adjusting the part of the numeral that is retained by adding 1 to the least significant of its digits and executing any necessary carries, if and only if One or more non-zero digits have been deleted. Rounding off (69) adjusting the part of the numeral retained by adding 1 to the least significant of its digits and executing any necessary carries, if and only if the most significant of the digits deleted was equal to or greater than half the(70) of its digit place.
A．simplify
B．reduce
C．abbreviate
D．omit
Calling to a bully’s parent _____.
［A］ has long existed but changed its content ［B］ is often done with careful thinking
［C］ often leads to blaming and misunderstanding ［D］ is used to warn the child not to do it again
How should you signal the crane operator to move slowly ________．
A.Use one hand to give any motion signal，and place the other hand motionless in front of the hand giving the motion signa
B.Extend arm with the thumb pointing up，and flex the fingers in and out for as long as the load movement is desired
C.First tap your elbow with one hand and then proceed to use regular signals
D.First tap the top of your head with your fist and then proceed to use regular signals